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Indoxyl Sulfate Promotes Vascular Calcification in Association with Oxidative Stress and Activation of ERK and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

Paper D Peer reviewed Preclinical

Key takeaways

This study used kidney cells to show how a toxin from gut bacteria causes vascular calcification. It shows risk of calcium buildup in blood vessels, but results are not in humans.

Who did this work

Yi-Cheng Wang (Tzu Chi Foundation) · I-Min Su (Tzu Chi University) · Chung‐Jen Lee (Tzu Chi University) · Tsung-Jui Wu (Tzu Chi University) · Bang‐Gee Hsu (Tzu Chi University)

Source

Paper · OpenAlex, CKD works · 2026-08-16
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27167314